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40 40 IEN / FEB '16 IEN / FEB '16 www.ien.com Today's Designer Metamaterials are manufactured specifi cally to reach mechanical or optical properties that are otherwise unattainable, such as invisibility cloaks that guide light, sound, or heat around objects, materials that counterintuitively react to pressure and shear (auxetic mate- rials), or lightweight nanomaterials of high specifi c stability (force per unit area and density). The lattice structure was built by fi rst using a 3D laser lithography process. The structure was hardened by laser beams in a computer-controlled environment, but the resolution was limited and the struts could only reach about ~5 µm in length and 1 µm in diameter. The researchers then shrunk the structure using pyrolysis - a fi rst for manufactured microstruc- tured lattices. During the process, the object is ex- posed to ~900°C in a vac- uum furnace. As a result, chemical bonds reorient themselves and all ele- ments, except for carbon, escape. The unordered carbon remains in the shrunk lattice structure in the form of glassy carbon. The resulting structures were tested for stability under pressure by the re- searchers who found that only diamond has a higher specifi c stability. Unlike competitors whose specifications are only proven in the lab under controlled conditions, our products deliver accuracy in the field. Our new MCRT ® Bearingless Digital Torquemeters offer the highest accuracy, overrange and over- load of any similar products on the market. Plus, they're simple to install and very tolerant of rotor- to - stator misalignments. Model: MCRT ® 84004V A s k u s t o p r o v e o u r p e r f o r m a n c e d i f f e r e n c e . S. Himmelstein and Company calibration laboratory is ISO 17025 accredited by NVLAP (Lab Code 200487-0) www.himmelstein.com S. HIMMELSTEIN AND COMPANY 800-632-7873 How accurate is your torque measurement ? Register with: calibratenow.com to access your calibration data online. Smalley wave springs reduce spring operating height by 50%, saving space and weight, fi tting tight radial and axial spaces. We offer more than 4,000 stock sizes in carbon and stainless steel. Visit smalley.com for your no-charge test samples. THE ENGINEER'S CHOICE ™ Smalley Wave Spring Coil Spring Ask Smalley. It's simple to tell when you work with Smalley. That's because you'll always collaborate directly with our world-class team of engineers—experts whose only focus is helping you get the most performance from your precision wave springs or retaining rings. HOW DO I KNOW IF I'M TALKING TO AN ENGINEER OR A SALESMAN? sive and hard to manage for sensors planted in remote locations. If sensors could capture vibrational energy, they could acquire and wirelessly transmit their data is a truly self-suffi cient way. The World's Smallest, Man-Made Lattice Structure A team based out of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) recently constructed the smallest lattice structure made by man. Its struts and braces are made of glassy carbon and are less than 1 µm long and 200 nm in diameter – fi ve times smaller than comparable metamaterials. Glassy carbon is a high-tech material made of pure carbon. It combines glassy, ceramic properties with graphite properties and is of interest for use in electrodes of batteries or electrolysis systems. Ryan Harne (right), assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at Ohio State, and director of the Laboratory of Sound and Vibration Research, is the lead on a project that harvests energy from the plentiful vibration energy that sur- rounds us every day. Credit: Ohio State University The smallest lattice in the world is only visible under a microscope. The struts and braces are 0.2 µm in diameter, and the total size is about 10 µm. Credit: J. Bauer/KIT